I'm Geordie.

Thanks for attending the last of all the sessions. I don't know if this is an honor or
not but I'm going to try and make you all excited and ready for the gala evening tonight. What I'm going to
talk about is something that is a new technology which is just emerging out of Research labs
around the world that will have impact that is as great as any technology that has been
commercialized in our generation assuredly and may even in a greater scope than that. Yesterday we
had the pleasure of hearing from two visionaries. One of them was Steve Jurvetson who is on the board
of D-Wave. and another about the mission to Mars. And Steve talked about something called
synthetic genomics which I don't know if everybody really fully understood what he was talking about but he was
talking about programming life which is a very deep and fundamental idea that has a lot of
ramifications outside this business. So I hope you were listening when he was talking because that is
something that could lead somewhere beautiful or scary depending on where it goes. And the second was
was the whole idea of humans going outside of out of Africa and I thought that was an
absolute compelling presentation of why it makes sense to focus on something like a
mars mission. So what D-Wave is doing is in some ways a project that
rivals the ambition of those two things. But what we're trying to do is a little bit more subtle and difficult to
explain primarily because is rooted in something that's traditionally been really a basic science
that not a lot of people know how to do. So what I'm going to try and achieve in this presentation is two
things. One I'm going to introduce to you at the very broadest strokes what quorum computers are and then
I'm going to tell you a little bit about D-wave but that's going to be a little bit of a secondary thing. So my primary
objective is to give you flavor about why people are so excited about this technology. So, the first, the first
thing I want to emphasize is that this new technology and I actually have one of them
the my hand right now. So I'm going to pass this around when the time is right and you can take a look at.
These things are really a big idea. They represent, as I said, a revolution that will at least
rival that that happened when the silicon transistor was introduced. They represent an entirely new
branch of machine that the world has never seen before.

Early in the of popularization of these machines, there were lots of hype verbally.

We had our own version of the dot com bubble in this field or people were saying this is so great
This is so transformative. It is about to happen and then all of a sudden people realize it was a lot longer often
they thought. So this is from a very good popular book that happened in that first quantum computing
bubble and it talks about the subject in a way that I think introduces how I want to
describe the technology and it has to do with what happens when humans start to harness
new physical resources. So think about agriculture or the harnessing of fire or the development of
the printing press. These kinds of things are, you can call them enabling technologies or what they really are is
humans finding out ways to harness nature that they never did before that influences everything. It
completely transforms human civilization. It's not just a matter of opening of a
new market. It's the humanity passes a divide. And they are not the same before as they were after
and these things don't happen often but there are historical precedents and it's my view that this particular
technology is one of those dividing lines sort of like when of the Trinity explosion went off in
New Mexico. The world is not the same before and after that event and these computers for
reasons that are much more subtle then nuclear bombs going to have the same kind of impact
our lifetimes and hopefully much shorter than that. So, Are there any physicists in the audience?

Okay, that's more than I thought. So I hope I don't offend you with the low level or the high-level of description I'm
going to use. But the intent here is to provide you with my view of the difference between a
conventional computer and one of these machines. And often we metric performance of
machines by numbers that have become familiar to us in the last 40 years. How many gigaflops.
How many gigs of ram. These kinds of things. So the analogy that I want to use is think about a
computation

in the abstract, say adding two numbers as the completion of a painting.

And imagine that in all of the computers that have ever been built in the history of the world

the painters only have access to two colors, black and white and as computers get better and
better and better you can think of the skill of the artist as growing. So when I'm, if my job is to
say for example paint the sun, you can imagine am abacus being like a five year old slashing around a piece of paper
with black and white. And a supercomputer being Picasso trying to represent the sun in the
abstract in black and white. So computers are limited in that they don't have access to all of nature's
resources when they're trying to perform a computation. Now these machines are not limited in that way. They get
access to new physical resources that are available at the level of the very small and very cold that'll allow you
to do things beyond the scope of what conventional computers can do. I like the painting analogy because
this, the example of the sun lends itself to a very clear graphical depiction of why in the short
term quantum computers can be useful even if they're not very sophisticated. So in the middle is a
picture is a photograph of the actual sun. On the left is a an abstract version of a black-and-white
done by very famous artists of the sun and on the right is painting by my thirteen month old baby boy
who is using markers. Now the point I want to make is that there is an element of the picture on the right that
captures something about that thing in the middle that you can never get if you're painting
in black-and-white even if you don't have a lot of sophistication in the way that the machine is built, you have access to something new
This new color that is giving you some indication of the way that the computation actually works.

So one of the ways that I like to describe the transition that's coming between these two types of
machines is think about the distinction between black-and-white film or television and color television.
They're about the same thing which is visual representation of objects.

But there is something fundamentally different about color. It gives you something you can never get with
black-and-white that preferable because it's a more accurate representation of the way the world actually is. So
quantum computers have this power of harnessing this extra stuff. An ability to do these kinds of computations
that regular computers don't.

So now I'm going to segway over to D-wave. So D-wave's been around for about
seven years. I was one of four founders. We're a private company and we're backed by a bunch of
very good venture capital folks DFJ LetR SeriesA and we raised about thirty million
dollars about half of that equity money but half is government money. We have become over that
time by far and away the leading owner of IP in this world in quantum computing and so we own in
access of eighty percent of the patents in the world in quantum computing. And we have a processor
team that is rivaled by none. So the people who are working in this company were borrowed or
recruited from TRW and they worked on project previously that was called the petaflops project which is
the defense department project that ultimately failed for building a petaflop scale super computer which
would of been the largest digital computer in the world.

The company has created a system, which we call Trinity, which you can put in a box about the size of a
kitchen refrigerator around this core processor.

So this little thing, I think what I'm going to do, if anyone is interested you can come and see it see
it afterwards that would be more efficient. But this little thing that I'm holding my hand is an example of one of the
processors that is going to to go into this thing in March and its by far and away the most advanced quantum computer
in the world. It will be able to do things that rival low end supercomputers right away for a fraction of
the cost and the technology doesn't have a known ups, high end barrier on
performance, so this petaflops barrier which is 10 to the 15 floating point operations to the second which is
above 50 times faster than the world's fastest super computer Notties, isn't a barrier for this technology. This technology will
blow right through that. We're going to have within the next 3 or 4 years machines that are hundreds of
thousands of times faster than any super computer that has ever been built based on this kind of stuff.

And the first one is being deployed in March. So the way that it works is that the trinity system doesn't leave
our facility. It's run by our people and people who want to gain access to it, access it remotely. So
think back to your system 360 back to your IBM mainframe days, that's the way we're going to do this.
so if people want to use this vast computational power, they use it on a service model. They do not have to buy
a machine. Don't have to learn how to program it, you don't have to do any of that. All you need to do is tell me what your problem is.
Tell me what your hard computational problem is I'll figure it out if we can run it on our machine remotely.

This is a picture of an actual processor that will be in the back end of the
supercomputer. The thing that is gold colored is actually a block of gold. The mother board of
this thing is obviously custom a lot of most of the stuff is. And the thing in the middle is a chip about the size of your
pinky thumbnail or pinky nail. 5 by 5 millimeters.

So this kind of stuff is now available for anybody to run programs on it today. So
while the system hasn't been deployed commercially yet, we have machines now that are prototyping
a lot of this stuff and what we're doing and one of the great opportunities I think that we've got here is
I'm, we're seeking out people who have very difficult computational problems that are impeding
their businesses. If you have something that just, if only I could solve this computational problem,
I could do X but I just can't, you know, why am I even thinking about this. I want to talk to you. And I've given a
listing of some